How does a cuffed tracheostomy influence swallowing physiology?

• A. A cuffed tracheostomy can reduce subglottic pressure and alter laryngeal sensation/elevation.
• B. A cuffed tracheostomy increases subglottic pressure and enhances laryngeal elevation.
• C. A cuffed tracheostomy has no effect on swallowing.
• D. A cuffed tracheostomy only affects taste.

Answer: (A)

Subglottic pressure and timely laryngeal movement are essential for a safe swallow. An inflated cuff around a tracheostomy seals the trachea and changes how air and sensory input reach the larynx during swallowing. This reduces the pressure that can build up below the vocal folds (subglottic pressure) and dampens the sensory cues that help trigger and coordinate laryngeal elevation and glottic closure. With less subglottic pressure and altered sensation, the larynx may rise less effectively and airway protection may be compromised. So a cuffed tracheostomy tends to reduce subglottic pressure and alter laryngeal sensation and elevation. It does not increase subglottic pressure, and its effects are broader than taste or having no effect.